| Welcome, Guest |
You have to register before you can post on our site.
|
| Online Users |
There are currently 563 online users. » 0 Member(s) | 558 Guest(s) Applebot, Baidu, Bing, Google, Yandex
|
| Latest Threads |
Pope Leo appoints archbis...
Forum: Pope Leo XIV
Last Post: Stone
8 hours ago
» Replies: 0
» Views: 38
|
Mgr. Louis de Ségur: Plai...
Forum: Resources Online
Last Post: Stone
8 hours ago
» Replies: 61
» Views: 12,122
|
Fr. Gelineau: With the Ne...
Forum: The Architects of Vatican II
Last Post: Stone
8 hours ago
» Replies: 0
» Views: 37
|
Fr. Hewko's Sermons: 14th...
Forum: August 2026
Last Post: Deus Vult
Yesterday, 11:33 AM
» Replies: 1
» Views: 150
|
Holy Mass in New Hampshir...
Forum: September 2026
Last Post: Stone
Yesterday, 10:39 AM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 46
|
Fr. Hewko's Sermons: Behe...
Forum: August 2026
Last Post: Deus Vult
08-30-2026, 07:46 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 77
|
St. Alphonsus Liguori: Da...
Forum: Pentecost
Last Post: Stone
08-30-2026, 07:03 AM
» Replies: 9
» Views: 21,328
|
Fourteenth Sunday after P...
Forum: Pentecost
Last Post: Stone
08-30-2026, 07:02 AM
» Replies: 5
» Views: 26,958
|
Bulletin - Oratory of the...
Forum: Bulletin of the Oratory of the Sorrowful Heart of Mary
Last Post: Oratory
08-29-2026, 05:37 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 158
|
Archbishop Lefebvre: 1986...
Forum: Sermons and Conferences
Last Post: Stone
08-29-2026, 08:13 AM
» Replies: 2
» Views: 12,450
|
|
|
| Saint Athanasius The True Upholder of Tradition |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-28-2025, 11:06 AM - Forum: Church Doctrine & Teaching
- Replies (1)
|
 |
The following is taken from Volume I of Michael Davies Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre. It deserves reading every so often for it's timelessness and most certainly, for the corollary to our times post Vatican II [emphasis mine].
Appendix I
Saint Athanasius The True Upholder of Tradition
Quote:What happened over 1600 years ago is repeating itself today, but with two or three differences: Alexandria is the whole Universal Church, the stability of which is being shaken, and what was undertaken at that time by means of physical force and cruelty is now being transferred to a different level. Exile is replaced by banishment into the silence of being ignored; killing, by assassination of character.
Mgr. Rudolf Graber, Bishop of Regensburg,
Athanasius and the Church of Our Times, p. 23.
The object of this appendix is not to explain the nature of the Arian heresy but to prove that a bishop who is faithful to tradition could be repudiated, calumniated, persecuted, and even excommunicated by almost the entire episcopate, the Pope included. Obviously, this would be an abnormal situation. A Catholic can normally presume that the majority of bishops in union with the Pope will teach sound doctrine; he would be imprudent not to conform his belief and behavior to their teaching. But this is not always the case as the present situation of the Church demonstrates. There is hardly a diocese in the English-speaking world where the bishop insures that Catholic children are taught sound doctrine, where Catholic moral and doctrinal teaching are not contradicted with impunity from the pulpit, where liturgical abuses which sometimes amount to sacrilege remain unrebuked. Writing of the time of St. Athanasius, St. Jerome made his celebrated remark: "Ingemit totus orbis et arianum se esse miratus est" - "The whole world groaned and was amazed to finds itself Arian."
The Catholic world in the West today finds itself in a state of accelerating disintegration but for the most part does not groan and certainly does not seem amazed. Indeed, most of the bishops repeat ad nauseum that things have never been better, that we are living in the most flourishing period of the Church's history. A bishop like the late Mgr. R. J. Dwyer, of Portland, Oregon, who had the courage to speak out and describe the situation in the Church as it really is was looked upon as an eccentric, as a crank, as a trouble-maker. The International Commission for English in the Liturgy (ICEL) received fulsome praise from the bishops of the U. S. A. for the liturgical translations now inflicted upon English-speaking Catholics. Archbishop Dwyer spoke of:
Quote:...the inept, puerile, semi-literate English translation which has been foisted upon us by the ICEL - the International Commission for English in the Liturgy - a body of men possessed of all the worst characteristics of a self-perpetuating bureaucracy, which has done an immeasurable disservice to the entire English-speaking world. The work has been marked by an almost complete lack of literary sense, a crass insensitivity to the poetry of language, and even worse by a most unscholarly freedom in the rendering of the texts, amounting at times, to actual misrepresentation.1 (My emphasis.)
These are strong words. Archbishop Dwyer stood almost alone in denouncing ICEL - but did this make him wrong? It is the truth that matters. Are his criticisms correct or not? If they are then it would not have mattered if every other English-speaking bishop had denounced him. As Appendix II will show, Robert Grosseteste, a thirteenth-century Bishop of Lincoln, was as solitary as Archbishop Dwyer when he made his protest at the iniquitous practice of Pope Innocent IV appointing relations to benefices which they would not so much as visit, simply to provide them with a source of income. The other bishops tolerated the practice, just as most bishops today tolerate unorthodox catechetics and ICEL - but this did not make Bishop Grosseteste wrong.
The Arian Heresy
In his celebrated Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, Cardinal Newman wrote:
Quote:Arianism had admitted that Our Lord was both the God of the Evangelical Covenant, and the actual Creator of the Universe; but even this was not enough, because it did not confess Him to be the One, Everlasting, Infinite, Supreme Being, but as one who was made by the Supreme. It was not enough in accordance with that heresy to proclaim Him as having an ineffable origin before all worlds; not enough to place Him high above all creatures as the type of all the works of God's Hands; not enough to make Him the King of all Saints, the Intercessor for man with God, the Object of worship, the Image of the Father; not enough because it was not all, and between all and anything short of all, there was an infinite interval. The highest of creatures is levelled with the lowest in comparison of the One Creator Himself.2
The Council of Nicea (325) defined that the Son is consubstantial (homoousion) with the Father. This meant that, while distinct as a person, the Son shared the same divine and eternal nature with the Father. If the Father was eternal by nature, then the Son must also be eternal. If the Father was eternal and the Son was not then clearly the Son was not equal with the Father. The term homoousion thus became the touchstone of orthodoxy. In her standard history of heresies, M. L. Cozens writes:
Quote:No other word could be found to express the essential union between the Father and the Son, for every other word the Arians accepted, but in an equivocal sense. They would deny that the Son was a creature as other creatures - or in the number of creatures - or made in time, for they considered him a special creation made before time. They would call Him "Only-begotten," meaning "Only directly created" Son of God.3 They would call Him "Lord Creator," "First-born of all creation"; they even accepted "God of God" meaning thereby "made God by God." This word (homoousion) alone they could not say without renouncing their heresy.4
The Council of Nicea had been convoked by the Emperor Constantine, who insisted upon acceptance of its definitions. Arius was excommunicated. But a good number of bishops signed the Creed only as an act of submission to the Emperor, including Eusebius of Caesarea, and Eusebius of Nicomedia. They were, according to Cozens:
Quote:Men of worldly character, they disliked dogmatic precision and wished for some comprehensive formula which men of all opinions could sign while understanding it in widely diverging senses. To these men the precise and exact faith of an Athanasius and the obstinate heresy of Arius and his plain-spoken followers were equally distasteful.
"Respectable, tolerant, broadminded" would be their ideal of religion. They therefore brought forward, instead of the too definite, ineradicable homoousion - of one substance - the vaguer term homoiousion, i. e., of like substance. They sent letters far and wide couched in seemingly orthodox and fervent language, proclaiming their belief in Our Lord's divinity, ascribing to Him every divine prerogative, anathematizing all who said He was created in time:5 in short, saying all the most orthodox could ask, except that they substituted their own homoiousion for the homoousion of Nicea.6
It is possible to interpret the term "of like substance" in an orthodox sense, i. e. exactly like, identical. But it can also be interpreted as meaning like in some respects but not in others, i. e., as not identical. A candle is like a star in that it generates heat and light, but it most certainly is not a star.
But a comparison between a candle and a star could be taken as an example of almost perfect precision of language when set beside a comparison between a being that is created (even before time began) and a being that is uncreated.
A mood soon grew up among many of the bishops and the faithful that too much fuss was being made about the distinction between homoousion and homoiousion. They considered that more harm than good was done by tearing apart the unity of the Church over a single letter, over an iota (the Greek letter "i"). They condemned those who did this, to quote Cozens again, as:
Quote:...over-rigid precisians, more anxious about terminology than about fraternal charity.
Meanwhile these latter, foremost among them Athanasius, at first deacon and disciple of Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, and afterwards his successor, refused to modify in any way their attitude. Steadfastly they refused to accept any statement not containing the homoousion or to communicate with those who rejected it.7
Athanasius and his supporters were right. That one letter, that iota, spelled the difference between Christianity as the faith founded and guided by God incarnate, and a faith founded by just another creature. Indeed, if Christ is not God, it would be blasphemous to call ourselves Christians.
St. Athanasius: Defender of the Nicene Faith
The Catholic Encyclopedia is far from exaggerating when it describes the life of St. Athanasius as a "bewildering maze of events." It would not be practical here to outline even the principal incidents of his truly amazing career, the various councils which declared for and against him, his excommunications, his expulsions from and restorations to his see, his relations with a formidable list of emperors, with his brother-bishops, with the Roman Pontiffs. It can also be added that in some cases the dates affixed to events in his life are only approximate. Those given here may not correspond with those found in other studies.
Athanasius was born around the year 296 and died in 373. He became Bishop of Alexandria within five months of the Council of Nicea, at the age of about thirty.
Hardly had the Council Fathers dispersed when intrigues to restore the fortunes of Arius began. Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, was able to gain favor with the Emperor chiefly through the influence which he exerted upon Constantia, sister of Constantine. He eventually prevailed upon the Emperor to recall Arius from exile. Constantine was induced to write to Athanasius ordering him to admit Arius to communion in his own see of Alexandria. He wrote:
Quote:On being informed of my pleasure, give free admission to all who are desirous of entering into communion with the Church. For if I learn of your standing in the way of any who were seeking it, or interdicting them, I will send at once those who shall depose you instead, by my authority, and banish you from your see.8
After various intrigues, Athanasius was eventually banished to Gaul, and Arius returned to Alexandria but fled in the face of the wrath of the populace. He eventually arrived in Constantinople where he was struck dead in so dramatic a manner that no one doubted that, as Athanasius remarked, "there was displayed somewhat more than human judgment."9
The Emperor Constantine died in 337 and the Empire was shared among his three sons. The fortunes of Athanasius are more bewildering than ever during this period. The See of Peter was occupied by Pope St. Julius I from 337 to 352. Pope Julius consistently and courageously upheld the cause of Athanasius and the faith of Nicea. In 350 the entire Empire was united under Constantius following the murder of his brother Constans (another brother having vanished from the scene soon after the death of Constantine). Constantius was an Arian.
The Fall of Pope Liberius
On 17 May 352, Liberius was consecrated as Pope. He immediately found himself involved in the Arian dispute.
Quote:He appealed to Constantius to do justice to Athanasius. The imperial reply was to summon the bishops of Gaul to a council at Arles in 353-354, where, under threat of exile, they agreed to a condemnation of Athanasius. Even Liberius' legate yielded. When the Pope continued to press for a council more widely representative, it was assembled by Constantius at Milan in 355. It was threatened by a violent mob and the Emperor's personal intimidation: "My will," he exclaimed, "is canon law." He prevailed with all save three of the bishops. Athanasius was once more condemned and Arians admitted to communion. Once more papal legates surrendered and Liberius himself was ordered to sign. When he refused to do so, or even to accept the Emperor's offerings, he was seized and carried off to the imperial presence; when he stood firm for Athanasius' rehabilitation, he was exiled to Thrace (355) where he remained for two years. Meanwhile, a Roman deacon, Felix, was intruded into his see. The people refused to recognize the imperial anti-pope. Athanasius himself was driven into hiding and his flock abandoned to the persecution of an Arianizing intruder. When he visited Rome in 357, Constantius was besieged by clamorous demands for Liberius' restoration. Subservient bishops around the court at Sirmium subscribed in turn to doctrinal formulas more or less ambiguous or unorthodox. In 358, a formula drawn up by Basil of Ancyra, declaring that the Son was of like substance with the Father, homoiousion, was officially imposed.10
The opposition to the anti-pope Felix made it imperative for Constantius to restore Liberius to his see. But it was equally imperative that the Pope should condemn Athanasius. The Emperor used a combination of threats and flattery to attain his objective. Then followed the tragic fall of Liberius. It is described in the sternest of terms in Butler's Lives of the Saints:
Quote:About this time Liberius began to sink under the hardships of his exile, and his resolution was shaken by the continual solicitations of Demophilus, the Arian Bishop of Beroea, and of Fortunatian, the temporizing Bishop of Aquileia. He was so far softened, by listening to flatteries and suggestions to which he ought to have stopped his ears with horror, that he yielded to the snare laid for him, to the great scandal of the Church. He subscribed to the condemnation of St. Athanasius and a confession or creed which had been framed by the Arians at Sirmium, though their heresy was not expressed in it; and he wrote to the Arian bishops of the East that he had received the true Catholic faith which many bishops had approved at Sirmium. The fall of so great a prelate and so illustrious a confessor is a terrifying example of human weakness, which no one can call to mind without trembling for himself. St. Peter fell by a presumptuous confidence in his own strength and resolution, that we may learn that everyone stands only by humility.11
According to A Catholic Dictionary of Theology (1971), "This unjust excommunication [of St. Athanasius] was a moral and not a doctrinal fault."12 Signing one of the "creeds" of Sirmium was far more serious (there is some dispute as to which one Liberius signed, probably the first). The New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), describes it as "a document reprehensible from the point of view of the faith."13 Some Catholic apologists have attempted to prove that Liberius neither confirmed the excommunication of Athanasius nor subscribed to one of the formulae of Sirmium. But Cardinal Newman has no doubt that the fall of Liberius is an historical fact.14 This is also the case with the two modern works of reference just cited and the celebrated Catholic Dictionary, edited by Addis and Arnold. The last named points out that there is "a fourfold cord of evidence not easily broken," i. e., the testimonies of St. Athanasius, St. Hilary, Sozomen, and St. Jerome. It also notes that "all the accounts are at once independent of and consistent with each other."15
The New Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that:
Quote:Everything points to the fact that he [Liberius] accepted the first formula of Sirmium of 351...it failed gravely in deliberately avoiding the use of the most characteristic expression of the Nicene faith and in particular the homoousion. Thus while it cannot be said that Liberius taught false doctrine, it seems necessary to admit that, through weakness and fear, he did not do justice to the full truth.16
It is quite nonsensical for Protestant polemicists to cite the case of Liberius as an argument against papal infallibility. The excommunication of Athanasius (or of anyone else) is not an act involving infallibility, and the formula he signed contained nothing directly heretical. Nor was it an ex cathedra pronouncement intended to bind the whole Church, and, if it had been, the fact that Liberius acted under duress would have rendered it null and void.
However, despite the pressure to which he was submitted, Liberius' fall reveals a weakness of character when compared with those such as Athanasius, who did remain firm. Cardinal Newman comments:
Quote:His fall, which followed, scandalous as it is in itself, may yet be taken to illustrate the silent firmness of those others of his fellow-sufferers, of whom we hear less, because they bore themselves more consistently.17
This is a judgment with which the New Catholic Encyclopedia concurs:
Quote:Liberius did not have the strength of character of his predecessor Julius I, or of his successor Damasus I. The troubles that erupted upon the latter's election indicate that the Roman Church had been weakened from within as well as from without during the pontificate of Liberius. His name was not inscribed in the Roman Martyrology.18
Tradition Upheld by the Laity
The fall of Pope Liberius needs to be considered within the context of a failure by the vast majority of the episcopate to be faithful to its commission; only then can the full extent of the heroism of St. Athanasius be appreciated (together with a few other heroic bishops such as St. Hilary, who supported him faithfully). Cardinal Newman cites numerous Patristic testimonies to the abysmal state of the Church at that time. In Appendix V to the third edition of his Arians of the Fourth Century, we read:
Quote:A. D. 360. St. Gregory Nazianzen says, about this date: "Surely the pastors have done foolishly; for, excepting a very few, who either on account of their insignificance were passed over, or who by reason of their virtue resisted, and who were to be left as a seed and root for the springing up again and revival of Israel by the influence of the Spirit, all temporized, only differing from each other in this, that some succumbed earlier, and others later; some were foremost champions and leaders in the impiety, and others joined the second rank of the battle, being overcome by fear, or by interest, or by flattery, or, what was the most excusable, by their own ignorance." (Orat. xxi. 24).
Cappadocia. St. Basil says, about the year 372: "Religious people keep silence, but every blaspheming tongue is let loose. Sacred things are profaned; those of the laity who are sound in faith avoid the places of worship as schools of impiety, and raise their hands in solitude, with groans and tears to the Lord in heaven." Ep. 92. Four years after he writes: "Matters have come to this pass: the people have left their houses of prayer, and assemble in deserts, - a pitiable sight; women and children, old men, and men otherwise infirm, wretchedly faring in the open air, amid most profuse rains and snow-storms and winds and frosts of winter; and again in summer under a scorching sun. To this they submit, because they will have no part in the wicked Arian leaven." Ep. 242. Again: "Only one offense is now vigorously punished, - an accurate observance of our fathers' traditions. For this cause the pious are driven from their countries, and transported into deserts." Ep. 243.
In this same appendix, the Cardinal also included an extract from an article he had written for the Rambler magazine in July 1859.19 The article dealt with the manner in which, during the Arian crisis, divine tradition had been upheld by the faithful more than by the episcopate. Three phrases in this article had been misinterpreted when first published, and Newman now took the opportunity of clarifying them in the appendix. The gist of these clarifications will be provided in footnotes. Here is Newman's assessment of the manner in which the laity, the Taught Church (Ecclesia docta), upheld the traditional faith rather than what is known today as the Magisterium or the Teaching Church (Ecclesia docens) - that is, the bishops united to the Roman Pontiff:
Quote:It is not a little remarkable, that, though historically speaking, the fourth century is the age of doctors, illustrated, as it is, by the Saints Athanasius, Hilary, the two Gregories, Basil, Chrysostom, Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine (and all those saints [were] bishops also, except one), nevertheless in that very day the Divine tradition committed to the infallible Church was proclaimed and maintained far more by the faithful than by the episcopate.
Here, of course, I must explain: - in saying this then, undoubtedly I am not denying that the great body of the Bishops were in their internal belief orthodox; nor that there were numbers of clergy who stood by the laity and acted as their centres and guides; nor that the laity actually received the faith in the first instance from the Bishops and clergy: nor that some portions of the laity were ignorant and other portions were at length corrupted by the Arian teachers, who got possession of the sees, and ordained an heretical clergy: - but I mean still, that in that time of immense confusion the divine dogma of Our Lord's divinity was proclaimed, enforced, maintained, and (humanly speaking) preserved, far more by the Ecclesia docta than by the Ecclesia docens; that the body of the Episcopate20 was unfaithful to its commission, while the body of the laity was faithful to its baptism; that at one time the Pope, at other times a patriarchal, metropolitan, or other great sees, at other times general councils21 said what they should not have said, or did what obscured and compromised revealed truth; while, on the other hand, it was the Christian people, who, under Providence, were the ecclesiastical strength of Athanasius, Eusebius of Vercellae, and other great solitary confessors, who would have failed without them....
On the one hand, then, I say, that there was a temporary suspense of the functions of the Ecclesia docens.22 The body of bishops failed in their confession of the faith.
The True Voice of Tradition
What, then, are the lessons we can learn from the fall of Liberius, the triumph of Arianism, the witness of Athanasius, and the fortitude of the body of the faithful? Newman provides us with the answers, recognizing that what has happened once can happen again. In his July 1859 Rambler article, he wrote:
Quote:I see, then, in the Arian history, a palmary example of a state of the Church, during which, in order to know the tradition of the Apostles, we must have recourse to the faithful; for I fairly own, that if I go to writers, since I must adjust the letter of Justin, Clement, and Hippolytus with the Nicene Doctors, I get confused: and what revives me and reinstates me, as far as history goes, is the faith of the people. For I argue that, unless they had been catechized, as St. Hilary says, in the orthodox faith from the time of their baptism, they never could have had that horror, which they show, of the heterodox Arian doctrine. Their voice, then, is the voice of tradition....
It is also historically and doctrinally true, as Newman stressed in Appendix V to The Arians of the Fourth Century, "that a Pope, as a private doctor, and much more Bishops, when not teaching formally, may err, as we find they did err in the fourth century. Pope Liberius might sign a Eusebian formula at Sirmium, and the mass of Bishops at Ariminum or elsewhere, and yet they might in spite of this error, be infallible in their ex cathedra decisions."
Finally, what the history of this period proves is that, during a time of general apostasy, Christians who remain faithful to their traditional faith may have to worship outside the official churches, the churches of priests in communion with their lawfully appointed diocesan bishop, in order not to compromise that traditional faith; and that such Christians may have to look for truly Catholic teaching, leadership, and inspiration not to the bishops of their country as a body, not to the bishops of the world, not even to the Roman Pontiff, but to one heroic confessor whom the other bishops and the Roman Pontiff might have repudiated or even excommunicated. And how would they recognize that this solitary confessor was right and the Roman Pontiff and the body of the episcopate (not teaching infallibly) were wrong? The answer is that they would recognize in the teaching of this confessor what the faithful of the fourth century recognized in the teaching of Athanasius: the one true faith into which they had been baptized, in which they had been catechized, and which their confirmation gave them the obligation of upholding. In no sense whatsoever can such fidelity to tradition be compared with the Protestant practice of private judgment. The fourth-century Catholic traditionalists upheld Athanasius in his defense of the faith that had been handed down; the Protestant uses his private judgment to justify a breach with the traditional faith.
The truth of doctrinal teaching must be judged by its conformity to Tradition and not by the number or authority of those propagating it. Falsehood cannot become truth, no matter how many accept it. Writing in 371, St. Basil lamented the fact that:
Quote:The heresy long ago disseminated by that enemy of truth, Arius, grew to a shameless height and like a bitter root it is bearing its pernicious fruit and already gaining the upper hand since the standard-bearers of the true doctrine have been driven form the churches by defamation and insult and the authority they were vested with has been handed over to such as captivate the hearts of the simple in mind.23
But there will never be a time when the faithful who wholeheartedly wish to remain true to the Faith of their Fathers need have any doubt as to what the faith is. In the year 340 St. Athanasius wrote a letter to his brother bishops throughout the world, exhorting them to rise up and defend the faith against those he did not hesitate to stigmatize as "the evil-doers." What he wrote to them will apply until the end of time when God the Son comes again in glory to judge the living and the dead:
Quote:The Church has not just recently been given order and statutes. They were faithfully and soundly bestowed on it by the Fathers. Nor has the faith only just been established, but it has come to us from the Lord through His disciples. May what has been preserved in the Churches from the beginning to the present day not be abandoned in our time; may what has been entrusted into our keeping not be embezzled by us. Brethren, as custodians of God’s mysteries, let yourselves be roused into action on seeing all this despoiled by others.24
Footnotes
This appendix is available in an expanded version as a separate pamphlet published by The Remnant. It is available from The Angelus Press. Some of the works referred to in the notes have been abbreviated as follows:
AFC J. H. Newman, Arians of the Fourth Century (London, 1876).
CD W. Addis and T. Arnold, A Catholic Dictionary (London, 1925).
CDT J. H. Crehan, ed., A Catholic Dictionary of Theology (London, 1971).
CE The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York, 1913).
HH M. L. Cozens, A Handbook of Heresies (London, 1960), available from The Angelus Press.
NCE New Catholic Encyclopedia (New York, 1967).
PG Migne, Patrologia Graeca.
1. National Catholic Register, 2 March 1975.
2. The Development of Christian Doctrine (London, 1878), p. 143.
3. Arius taught that Christ was the only being directly created by God and that having been created, He then created the rest of the universe on behalf of the Father. The rest of creation is, therefore, created directly by the Son and only indirectly by the Father.
4. HH, p. 34.
5. Arius taught that Christ was created before time began.
6. HH, pp. 35-36
7. HH, p.36.
8. AFC, p. 267.
9. AFC, p. 270.
10. E. John, ed., The Popes (London, 1964), p. 70.
11. A. Butler, The Lives of the Saints (London, 1934), II, p. 10.
12. CDT, III, 110, col. 2.
13. NCE, VIII, 715, col. 1.
14. AFC, p. 464.
15. CD, p. 522, col. 2.
16. NCE, VIII, 715, col. 2.
17. AFC, pp. 319-320.
18. NCE, VIII, 716, col. 2
19. The Rambler, Vol. I, new series, Part II, July 1859, pp. 198-230. This article had been written to refute criticisms of an unsigned article he had contributed to the May 1859 issue of The Rambler, of which he was editor.
20. Where Newman uses the term "body" he means "the great preponderance," the majority.
21. Newman is not referring to any of the recognized Ecumenical ("from the whole world") Councils of the Church, of which there were none in the period he is describing. He is referring to gatherings of bishops large enough to come under the classification of the Latin word generalia.
22. Newman explains that by "a temporary suspense of the functions of the Ecclesia docens" he means "that there was no authoritative utterance of the Church’s infallible voice in matters of fact between the Nicene Council, A. D. 325, and the Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381."
23. "Des heiligen Kirchenlehrers Basilius des Grossen ausgewählte Schriften," in Bibliothek der Kirchenväter (Kosel-Pustet, Munich, 1924), I, 121.
24. PG XXVII, col. 219.
|
|
|
| Seven churches burned down in one night in New Zealand |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-28-2025, 07:32 AM - Forum: Anti-Catholic Violence
- No Replies
|
 |
Churches Burn in New Zealand
![[Image: n2ev4rj2h4an04ewyh8vhvxi9vcj6oe78a7vwxg....65&webp=on]](https://seedus2043.gloriatv.net/storage1/n2ev4rj2h4an04ewyh8vhvxi9vcj6oe78a7vwxg.webp?secure=lmNLP5TXu0Jf5OSOZk1QfQ&expires=1740884465&webp=on)
gloria.tv | February 28, 2025
Seven churches burned down in one night last weekend.
Four churches in the town of Masterton, north of the capital Wellington, suffered 'moderate to extensive' damage, and three other places of worship were targeted but did not catch fire.
The fires are considered suspicious and have been reported to police.
The Anglican Church of the Epiphany, St Patrick's Catholic Church in Masterton, Masterton Baptist Church and the Equippers Church in Masterton were all set alight.
Local media reported shattered windows, burnt chairs and charred upholstery.
A funeral home in the same area, which houses a chapel, was also set alight at around 10am, but no one was inside.
In 2024, a church in Auckland was the victim of two arson attacks on the same night.
|
|
|
| Official Report on the Pandemic |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-27-2025, 06:12 AM - Forum: Pandemic 2020 [Secular]
- No Replies
|
 |
Government Officially Admits Its Pandemic Lies
Official Report on the Pandemic - I
Phillip Mericle, TIA | February 26, 2025
On December 4, 2024, while Americans were still distracted discussing the results of the November presidential election, the U.S. House of Representatives published the Official Report After Action Review of the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Lessons Learned and a Path Forward, signed by the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic.
Cover page for the Official Report
Full document here.
This exhaustive document of 520 pages is enriched with nearly 2,000 citations. The Subcommittee, led by Chairman Brad Wenstrup, seems a genuine attempt at government transparency. The details brought to light by Wenstrup over U.S. Government conduct during the pandemic are damning in the extreme.
Colonel Wenstrup is a doctor of podiatric medicine, an Iraq War veteran, and a former Republican representative from Ohio. He spares no one in this scathing and in-depth review of the pandemic years that saw the world locked down, children frisked away from school, and previously normal Americans descending into crazed hysteria as they cowered behind masks at a minimum of 6 foot distance apart.
This report to Congress opens the lid on a festering pot revealing many of the policies adopted by our nation, and around the world, based on deliberate disinformation and lies. Nearly every policy foisted upon the U.S. and the world during the lockdown pandemic years is shown in these pages to have been not only unjustified, but extremely damaging.
There could hardly be a more damning outcome of the investigation.
Information from the source
The following are but a few points of interest covered in the 520 pages of the Report.
- The virus almost certainly leaked from a U.S. funded lab in Wuhan that was pursuing gain-of-function research. Many at the top of the scientific community, under pressure from the Chinese Communist Party - CCP, did everything they could to obfuscate this origin.
- The virus itself carries tell-tale marks of having been engineered by humans. Such indicators do not occur naturally in any other viruses of the Coronavirus family.
- Dr. Anthony Fauci and others deliberately lied and misled the public, mislabeling as dangerous conspiracy theories even suspicions about the origins of the virus, and steering official policy towards affirming that the virus jumped from an animal to humans in an attempt to appease financial interests and the CCP.
- The Chinese government successfully pressured international politicians, scientists, and even the World Health Organization into assenting to its party line about the origin and severity of Covid in spite of known scientific evidence to the contrary.
- Many pandemic era policies forced on the public, such as masking and 6 foot social distancing, were not, in fact, based on science, but were essentially “made up” on the fly because they “sounded” good.
- The economic and social consequences of lockdowns have been disastrous. Small and rural businesses were strongly hit and billions in tax-payer funded aid were funneled into the pockets of fraudsters and even overseas organized crime.
- While supporting the overall efficacy of the vaccines, Wenstrup admits that it would be more rightly labeled a therapeutic, that the public was lied to about its protective power, and that mandatory vaccination was an egregious error.
- Many were, in fact, harmed by the vaccine, yet few have been justly compensated for their vaccine injuries.
- School closures did irreparable harm to an entire generation of children from which we will never fully recover.
And the list goes on.
Fauci lied to the Congress & to the world; below, the masks shown to be as foolish as they looked
![[Image: E133_Mas.jpg]](https://www.traditioninaction.org/Cultural/images%20(E-G)/E133_Mas.jpg)
Sobering implications
The repercussions of the Report are ground shaking. Our leaders openly lied to us. Our politicians, our representatives, and even our scientists wholesale abandoned their principles and caved to the pressure coming from China and vested interests to officially support bad science, fraud, waste and lies. The damage done cannot be overstated.
Col. Wenstrup has blown open the lid on the rotten Pandemic response
At a time when people looked to their leaders for guidance, their trust was utterly betrayed. There can be no undoing the damage that came in the wake of this massive orchestrated crime.
It is incumbent on us to remember this betrayal. If we imprint it into our memory we may never succumb again to the blind trust that led to such treachery as is revealed in this Report. Next time, and Wenstrup himself affirms that there “will be” a next time, we must not allow a repeat.
Conspiracy theories no longer
I do not expect most readers to read the 520 page report, as I did. My hope is that I can cover the most pertinent material and, in my own small way, thus contribute to spread the truth in a world so shrouded in deceit.
This is straight from the horse’s mouth; it is not conspiracy theory. After so many years of skeptics being professionally and personally attacked for expressing legitimate concerns over the pandemic, the vaccines, and the Orwellian measures imposed upon society we can finally speak about how terribly wrong it all was.
After all, to claim otherwise now contradicts the official position of the U.S. government’s investigation into the pandemic.
Those who opposed those measures are vindicated. All those who attacked and denigrated the Covid skeptics can and should be shown how woefully wrong they really were. I exhort my reader: It is up to us to prevent this Report from slipping quietly into the annals of History.
To be continued
|
|
|
| Bishop Paul Morgan to take over operations from Bishop Williamson (?) |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-27-2025, 05:55 AM - Forum: General Commentary
- No Replies
|
 |
In an article by the WM Review, Farewell to a ‘turbulent priest’: Bishop Richard Williamson's funeral and burial, dated February 26, 2027 - the same day as the funeral of Bp. Williamson, the following statement is made:
Quote:It is our understanding that Bishop Morgan will be remaining in England, and taking over operations from the late Bishop Williamson.
Bishops Ballini, Stobnicki, Thomas Aquinas and Morgan.
"In addition to Bishop Paul Morgan, Bishops Thomas Aquinas, Giacomo Ballini and Michał Stobnicki were also in attendance. We are told that Bishop Gerardo Zendejas was also there."
The article does not mention Bp. Faure at all.
|
|
|
| The Catholic Trumpet: The Insult [Indult] Mass: Vatican’s Trap to Destroy Tradition |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-27-2025, 05:39 AM - Forum: The Catholic Trumpet
- No Replies
|
 |
The Insult [Indult] Mass: Vatican’s Trap to Destroy Tradition
Taken from The Catholic Trumpet - February 26, 2025
The Indult Mass was never a victory for Tradition—it was a trap.
Rome never restored the Tridentine Mass out of reverence for Catholic Tradition. The Indult was a political maneuver—a tool to neutralize resistance, pressure priests into contradiction, and ultimately force acceptance of the New Mass and Vatican II.
Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre warned us decades ago:
“One day, very gently, they will oblige those who have been granted the use of the Tridentine Mass… also to accept the New Mass.”
(Homily, Friedrichshafen, April 29, 1990)
This episode exposes the Vatican’s deception using verbatim quotes from Archbishop Lefebvre, proving that the Indult Mass was never about preserving the Faith—it was about subjugating Tradition to Modernism.
What You Will Learn in This Episode:
- How the Vatican used the Indult to control Traditionalists
- Why accepting the Indult means accepting Vatican II
- Why Rome will eventually force all Indult groups to accept the New Mass
- How Lefebvre’s prophecies have already come true
- Why the only true resistance is to reject the Indult entirely
“Availing ourselves of the Indult is tantamount to putting ourselves into a state of contradiction… They require young priests to sign a profession of faith in which the spirit of the Council must be accepted.” (sspx.org, from thecatacombs.org)
The Vatican does not give the Latin Mass out of goodwill. The Indult was never about preserving the Faith.
It was always about submission.
Choose your side. Reject the Indult. Defend the Faith.
|
|
|
| Ecce Homo - A Genre of Devotional Art Inspired by Thomas à Kempis’ Imitation of Christ |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-26-2025, 06:49 AM - Forum: General Commentary
- No Replies
|
 |
Ecce Homo - A Genre of Devotional Art Inspired by Thomas à Kempis’ Imitation of Christ
A painting from the House of Leiden Collection, Leiden, Holland
Albrecht Bouts (Leuven 1451/55 – 1549 Leuven), and studio
‘Behold the Man’, c. 1500
(Oil on panel 41.8 x 27.1 cm’)
David Clayton, NLM | February 25, 2025
Jesus then came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said, “Here is the man” - John 19, 5
This painting of Christ’s Passion relates to the quoted verse of John’s Gospel. Pontius Pilate has presented the brutally scourged Christ to the crowd with the Latin words, “Ecce Homo”, translated as “Here is the Man” or “Behold the Man.”
We see the crown of thorns, which pierces Christ’s flesh brutally, drawing blood, the “purple” robe, and the reed sceptre He holds in His right hand. These were intended as symbols of mockery, but point to the fact that the one mocked as a false king is, in truth, the King of Kings. Purple was the colour of royalty in the Roman society of the time, however, the artist here has shown the robe as red, not purple, indicating that it is drenched in the blood of the Saviour. Christ’s facial expression is one of extreme fatigue, communicated by His pallor and drooping lids. Blood and tears run down His face, indicating both physical and spiritual suffering. [...]
The desire to convey emotion in art is facilitated by greater naturalism in the subject’s rendition and the chosen medium. Oil paint allows for a greater degree of naturalism because of the ease with which colours and tones can be blended smoothly. Other media, such as egg tempera, which would have been a common choice 100 years earlier, tend to produce flat, highly stylised paintings. This stylized rendition can be desirable, too, incidentally, for other reasons, and egg tempera is still the medium of Byzantine iconography.
We see the artist making use of the properties of oil paint in the murky, oily black background, using multiple thin glazes of paint, which contrasts with the light tone of Christ's skin, perhaps alluding to the spiritual darkness that surrounds this moment and the infinite depths of evil he will soon confront in his descent into Hades. [...]
The following words are taken from The Imitation of Christ, a devotional book of spiritual exercises commonly believed to reflect the spirituality of the Devotio Moderna. It was written in the 15th century and is attributed to a German priest, Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471). It immediately became a bestseller and is still published and read widely today.
In Book 2, Chapter 2, on humility, Thomas explains how we can experience joy even in suffering. He says, “If you know how to suffer in silence, you will undoubtedly experience God’s help. He knows when and how to deliver you; therefore, place yourself in His hands, for it is a divine prerogative to help men and free them from all distress.”
|
|
|
| Another historic Catholic church in Canada reduced to ashes, police investigating |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-26-2025, 06:27 AM - Forum: Anti-Catholic Violence
- No Replies
|
 |
Another historic Catholic church in Canada reduced to ashes, police investigating
On February 21, the Garden River Fire Department were called to the Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church
just north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, which was engulfed in flames.
Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church in the RM of Garden River in Saskatchewan
Facebook
Feb 25, 2025
(LifeSiteNews) — Another historic Catholic church in Canada has been reduced to ashes with police announcing they are investigating.
On February 21, the Garden River Fire Department were called to the Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church just north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, which was engulfed in flames, according to a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report.
“The building was destroyed,” the press release stated. “No one was in the church at the time and no injuries have been reported to police. Prince Albert RCMP are investigating.”
The church, commonly referred to as the Polish church, had stood as a landmark since 1920. While it was no longer in use, many locals viewed it as part of their heritage.
The cause of the fire remains unknown, but some are speculating that it was arson, calling on their neighbors to come forward with any information they have regarding the incident.
Rural Municipality of Garden River Reeve Ryan Scragg condemned the potential arson, saying, “To think that someone would indiscriminately destroy this piece of our heritage is beyond frustrating.”
“Whether you had a personal connection to the church or simply appreciated it as part of our landscape, its loss is deeply felt. If anyone has information about what happened, I encourage you to come forward,” he added.
Arson and vandalism directed at Catholic churches has become a common occurrence in Canada over the past number of years, with nearly 100 different churches being the targets of such attacks since 2021.
Furthermore, Liberals and New Democratic Party (NDP) members have repeatedly shut down motions to condemn arson attacks against places of worship.
The attacks began shortly after the federal government and mainstream media promoted the still unproved and inflammatory claim that hundreds of indigenous children were killed or improperly disposed of at the sites of residential schools once run by the Catholic Church.
The claims, which were promoted by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau among others, lack any physical evidence and were based solely on soil disturbances found via ground-penetrating radar.
In fact, in August of last year, one such site underwent a four-week excavation and yielded no remains.
Despite the lack of evidence, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and others have continued to push the narrative, even running a report that appeared to justify the dozens of attacks against Catholic churches.
|
|
|
| Please pray for the repose of Bette Mae Planer |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-25-2025, 01:24 PM - Forum: Appeals for Prayer
- No Replies
|
 |
Requiem aeternam dona ei Domine, et lux perpetua luceat ei. Requiescat in pace. Amen.
In your charity, please pray for the soul of Bette Mae Planer who passed away on February 25, 2025.
She is a much loved relative of one of the Pennsylvania Mission Coordinators
May her soul and the souls of all the faithful departed rest in peace. Amen.
✠ ✠ ✠
The De Profundis - Psalm 129
Out of the depths I have cried unto Thee, O Lord; Lord, hear my voice.
Let Thine ears be attentive to the voice of my supplication.
If Thou, O Lord, shalt mark our iniquities: O Lord, who can abide it?
For with Thee there is mercy: and by reason of Thy law I have waited on Thee, O Lord.
My soul hath waited on His word: my soul hath hoped in the Lord.
From the morning watch even unto night: let Israel hope in the Lord.
For with the Lord there is mercy: and with Him is plenteous redemption.
And He shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.
Eternal rest grant unto her, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon her.
|
|
|
| Vatican II Is the Primary Fountainhead of Today’s Diabolical Pretending |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-24-2025, 10:48 AM - Forum: Articles by Catholic authors
- No Replies
|
 |
Vatican II Is the Primary Fountainhead of Today’s Diabolical Pretending
![[Image: 9c29039eaaf60e1caf16f365dd5eac42_L.jpg]](https://remnantnewspaper.com/web/media/k2/items/cache/9c29039eaaf60e1caf16f365dd5eac42_L.jpg)
Robert Morrison, Remnant Columnist [slightly reformatted, red font emphasis mine] | February 20, 2025
Many people, especially non-Catholics, may protest that the evils of Vatican II are merely a matter of concern for the Catholic Church. However, because God entrusted the Catholic Church with the truths and graces necessary to spread true peace in the world, there can be no real progress in overcoming wickedness if lies prevail in Rome.
In the realm of commentary on secular matters, The Conservative Treehouse has arguably been one of the most consistently insightful and reliable sources in recent years. One recurring theme —widespread pretending — was recently highlighted in a social media post:
Quote:“For decades, ‘pretending’ has been a powerful shield. For some, also a weapon. For many others a comforting survival mechanism. Pretending relies upon a lot, including definitions of mis-dis, & mal-information. However, pretending is no match for the fact there is only truth and lies.”
As Sundance (the primary author at The Conservative Treehouse) routinely argues, the “pretending” relates to many of the most contentious issues facing those of us living in America. Of particular importance today is the war in Ukraine and the grotesquely wicked shenanigans of President Zelensky, which President Trump recently called out in his Truth Social post:
Quote:“Think of it, a modestly successful comedian, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, talked the United States of America into spending $350 Billion Dollars, to go into a War that couldn’t be won, that never had to start, but a War that he, without the U.S. and ‘TRUMP,' will never be able to settle. The United States has spent $200 Billion Dollars more than Europe, and Europe’s money is guaranteed, while the United States will get nothing back. Why didn’t Sleepy Joe Biden demand Equalization, in that this War is far more important to Europe than it is to us — We have a big, beautiful Ocean as separation. On top of this, Zelenskyy admits that half of the money we sent him is ‘MISSING.’ He refuses to have Elections, is very low in Ukrainian Polls, and the only thing he was good at was playing Biden ‘like a fiddle.’ A Dictator without Elections, Zelenskyy better move fast or he is not going to have a Country left. In the meantime, we are successfully negotiating an end to the War with Russia, something all admit only ‘TRUMP,’ and the Trump Administration, can do. Biden never tried, Europe has failed to bring Peace, and Zelenskyy probably wants to keep the “gravy train” going. I love Ukraine, but Zelenskyy has done a terrible job, his Country is shattered, and MILLIONS have unnecessarily died – And so it continues…..”
The substantive points in President Trump’s post are assuredly true, as anyone who has paid attention to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine saga knows. And yet, it is also the case that almost the entire collection of political and media figures covering the topic have engaged in the “pretending” described by Sundance in his social media post above. They know they are spreading lies — just as they did with Covid, the the Russia collusion hoax, the 2020 election, January 6th, etc. — and they know it is a monstrous violation of the public trust to do so. Somehow, though, they have persuaded themselves that the world needs their lies more than it needs truth.
As Sundance mentioned in his recent commentary on President Trump’s refreshingly shocking honesty about Zelensky, this process of unwinding and renouncing the pretending is uncomfortable (for some), but necessary:
Quote:“It was inevitable. We have been together from the outset of the conversation where we admitted to ourselves that sooner or later the pretending was going to have to stop. Well, here we are. President Donald Trump begins a very uncomfortable process to peel back the mask that Ukrainian President Zelenskyy represents. This is needed . . .”
Where this will end, only God knows. But we have now entered a phase in which we can, and must, go on the offensive against the monstrous lies we have been fed for so long, and there seems to be no turning back. One side will prevail, and the other will lose.
One interesting and vital aspect of this battle over truth and lies has been the involvement of Francis and his collaborators, who are openly taking the side of lies. When we are talking about “truth,” we know that the truths we have received from God through Divine Revelation are most important. As such, the greatest sign of diabolical disorientation in the world today is the reality that the purported head of the Church established by God to defend and promulgate truth is instead serving the father of lies. It necessarily follows that we can only overcome the lies threatening the world today if we address the lies flowing from Rome.
However, to truly overcome the lies flowing from Rome today it is absolutely essential to stop pretending that the innovations of Vatican II are legitimate developments of Catholic teaching. As uncomfortable as this process will be for those who have emotional, intellectual, and economic ties to perpetuating the Vatican II lies, there are three clear reasons (among many others) that should convince rational souls that now is the time to stop pretending: admissions from Vatican II’s architects; the Synod on Synodality, and the fruits of Vatican II.
Admissions from Vatican II’s Architects.
It was clear from John XXIII’s opening address of Vatican II that he intended to break with the practice of defending Catholic truth from the errors threatening the Faith:
Quote:“The Church has always opposed these errors. Frequently she has condemned them with the greatest severity. Nowadays, however, the spouse of Christ prefers to make use of the medicine of mercy rather than that of severity. She considers that she meets the needs of the present day by demonstrating the validity of her teaching rather than by condemnations. Not, certainly, that there is a lack of fallacious teaching, opinions and dangerous concepts to be guarded against and dissipated.”
John XXIII’s appointment of previously condemned theologians as experts at the Council further confirmed this new orientation away from protecting the immutable Catholic Faith.
We also have many admissions from other important figures that the Council sought to radically change the religion. Here, for instance, is the observation of Yves Congar, one of the most important theologians at Vatican II:
Quote:“By the frankness and openness of its debates, the Council has put an end to what may be described as the inflexibility of the system. We take ‘system’ to mean a coherent set of codified teachings, casuistically-specified rules of procedure, a detailed and very hierarchic organization, means of control and surveillance, rubrics regulating worship — all this is the legacy of scholasticism, the Counter-reformation and the Catholic Restoration of the nineteenth century, subjected to an effective Roman discipline. It will be recalled that Pius XII is supposed to have said: ‘I will be the last Pope to keep all this going.’” (Congar, Challenge to the Church: The Case of Archbishop Lefebvre,
Conservatives and liberals alike reached similar conclusions about the Council, and in the years immediately following Vatican II, no serious observer would have honestly believed that the Council really was in continuity with what the Church had always taught. Pretending otherwise was only popularized long after the Council, most importantly through the later work of Cardinal Ratzinger (the future Benedict XVI). As Cardinal Ratzinger had stated closer to the end of the Council, though, he saw it as a true break from what the pre-Vatican II popes had taught, and a reconciliation with the principles of the French Revolution:
[quote]“If it is desirable to offer a diagnosis of the text [Gaudium et Spes] as a whole, we might say that (in conjunction with the texts on religious liberty [Dignitatis Humanae] and world religions [Nostra Aetate]) it is a revision of the Syllabus of Pius IX, a kind of countersyllabus. . . Let us be content to say that the text serves as a countersyllabus and, as such, represents, on the part of the Church, an attempt at an official reconciliation with the new era inaugurated in 1789.” (Principles of Catholic Theology, 1987, pp. 381-2)
Whatever he said in later years, we can clearly accept what he said here as a persuasive and credible assessment of the Council from one of the most prominent theologians at Vatican II. Thus, the admissions of Vatican II’s architects constitutes a persuasive reason to stop pretending that the innovations of Vatican II are legitimate developments of Catholic teaching.
The Synod on Synodality.
As argued in a previous article, the new Synodal Church represents one of the most important signs in the world today, even though the vast majority of clerics pretend it does not really matter. Francis’s Synodal Church appears to be Satan’s Ape Church and it has been built entirely on ideas from Vatican II. Indeed, many of the most ambiguous passages from Vatican II are most comprehensible only in the light of the Synod on Synodality’s documents. As one example among others, the entire discussion of the “People of God” makes far more sense in the Synodal documents than it does in the lengthy discussion from Vatican II’s Lumen Gentium:
Quote:“At the heart of Synod 2021-2024, ‘For a Synodal Church. Communion, participation, mission’ is a call to joy and to the renewal of the People of God in following the Lord and in their commitment to serving His mission. The call to be missionary disciples is based on our common baptismal identity and is rooted in the diversity of the contexts in which the Church is present and finds its unity in the one Father, the one Lord, and the one Spirit. It is a call to all the baptised, without exception.” (Instrumentum Laboris for October 2024 session)
So, according to the Synodal documents, every baptized person (including Protestants and those who have completely renounced Christianity) is part of the People of God and the Synodal Church, whether he or she knows it or not. Obviously this is not true with respect to the Catholic Church; but the entire “theological” justification for this is the obscure concept of the People of God from Vatican II, which was deliberately included by men who knew exactly how it would be used in the future. Thus, the fact that the diabolical Synodal Church relies entirely on the Council constitutes a persuasive reason to stop pretending that the innovations of Vatican II are legitimate developments of Catholic teaching.
The Fruits of Vatican II.
Our Lord told us to judge a tree by its fruits (Matthew 7:16-20), and the fruits of Vatican II have been overwhelmingly disastrous. We have known this for decades, but those who preferred to pretend have insisted that these fruits have had nothing to do with the Council. As discussed in a previous article, though, Paul VI’s statements in the years following Vatican II should resolve any doubt about the matter:
Quote:“The Church, today, is going through a moment of disquiet. Some indulge in self-criticism, one would say even self-destruction. It is like an acute and complex inner upheaval, which no one would have expected after the Council. One thought of a flourishing, a serene expansion of the concepts matured in the great conciliar assembly. There is also this aspect in the Church, there is the flourishing, but . . . for the most part one comes to notice the painful aspect. The Church is hit also by he who is part of it.” (December 7, 1968)
“Through some cracks the smoke of Satan has entered the temple of God: there is doubt, uncertainty, problematic, anxiety, confrontation. One does not trust the Church anymore; one trusts the first prophet that comes to talk to us from some newspapers or some social movement, and then rush after him and ask him if he held the formula of real life. And we fail to perceive, instead, that we are the masters of life already. Doubt has entered our conscience, and it has entered through windows that were sup- posed to be opened to the light instead. . . Even in the Church this state of uncertainty rules. One thought that after the Council there would come a shiny day for the history of the Church. A cloudy day came instead, a day of tempest, gloom, quest, and uncertainty. We preach ecumenism and drift farther and farther from the others. We attempt to dig abysses instead of filling them.” (June 29, 1972)
One can find healthy and orthodox fruits in the Church only among those Catholics who have shunned the innovations of Vatican II and tried to preserve the immutable Faith. This is most evident among those who adhere to the Traditional Latin Mass, which is why Francis and his collaborators have targeted Traditional Catholics so viciously. Thus, the fact that Vatican II’s fruits are putrid and lethal constitutes a persuasive reason to stop pretending that the innovations of Vatican II are legitimate developments of Catholic teaching.
Many people, especially non-Catholics, may protest that the evils of Vatican II are merely a matter of concern for the Catholic Church. However, because God entrusted the Catholic Church with the truths and graces necessary to spread true peace in the world, there can be no real progress in overcoming wickedness if lies prevail in Rome. Tragically, for so long as Catholics are compelled to pretend that Vatican II’s innovations constitute a legitimate development of Catholic teaching, lies will prevail in Rome. For this reason, the most essential work in overcoming the lies spewed from politicians and other professional liars is to stop tolerating lies about the Catholic Faith. Once Catholics insist on Catholic Truth, we will have taken away (or at least crippled) the primary weapon that Satan and his minions have been able to wield against the world for over sixty years.
Immaculate Heart of Mary, pray for us!
|
|
|
| How Can We Begin a Holy Life? Insights from Venerable Louis de Granada |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-24-2025, 10:32 AM - Forum: Articles by Catholic authors
- No Replies
|
 |
How Can We Begin a Holy Life? Insights from Venerable Louis de Granada
Robert Lazu Kmita, Remnant Columnist, Romania | February 22, 2025
How can we become saints? As always, to find the answer to such questions, we turn to the great masters of Christian Tradition.
Chapter 5 of the Gospel according to Matthew concludes with an invitation that resonates throughout both the Old and New Testament:
“Be you therefore perfect, as also your heavenly Father is perfect.”
This is a call to holiness which, for the baptized, is not optional but mandatory. But if we accept this, where should we begin? In other words, how can we become saints? As always, to find the answer to such questions, we turn to the great masters of Christian Tradition.
Return to the Gospel: The Essence of the Message of Fatima
Undoubtedly, the French Revolution was the event that sparked a wave of revolts against the Social Reign of Christ, a reign built upon the millennia-old alliance between altar and throne. In the centuries that followed, no supernatural event has been more significant than the apparition at Fatima (1917). The essence of this event can be summarized in the words of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, after the vision of hell, spoke plainly and clearly:
“The war is going to end: but if people do not cease offending God, a worse one will break out during the Pontificate of Pius XI.”
If we add to this the threefold proclamation of the Angel, who held a flaming sword in his left hand, we find the key to overcoming the immense crisis the world and the Church are currently experiencing:
“Penance, Penance, Penance!”
The Queen of the Universe, the Immaculate Virgin Mary, calls us to cease committing evil; the Angel urges us to embrace that spiritual state and the penitential deeds associated with it, which alone can attract God’s mercy and His abundant graces upon us. In fact, the very essence of the Gospel is contained in this message. The words first spoken by the greatest of the prophets, John the Baptist, and then by our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, were repeated by these two divine messengers who came to awaken the modern world from what Saint John Chrysostom called “the drunkenness of sin.” And these words tell us everything we need to know:
“Do penance, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 4:17).
All the spiritual masters of the Christian era have “resisted unto blood, striving against sin” (Hebrews 12:4) in order to fulfill what God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Angel of Fatima insistently ask of us. Some saints went even further: they left us a priceless treasure—teachings on how to triumph in this battle “against principalities and powers, against the rulers of the world of this darkness, against the spirits of wickedness” (Ephesians 6:12).
But everything has a beginning. What exactly is that beginning? If we decide to pursue the ideal of holiness, where do we start? Today, we will explore the teachings of one of the greatest masters of Christian mysticism and asceticism.
[/i]
Admirers of the Venerable Louis
If someone were to ask what saints such as Vincent de Paul, Teresa of Ávila, Francis de Sales, Rose of Lima, and Charles Borromeo have in common—besides their ardent love for God and neighbor—the answer would be easy to find: they were all great admirers of a particular author. And not just any author, but one who could truly be considered a “professional writer”—Venerable Louis of Granada (1504–1588).
His books on spiritual theology—especially the most famous ones: [i]The Book of Prayer and Meditation (1554), A Memorial of Christian Life (1565), and The Sinner’s Guide (1556–57)—are bestsellers in Christian spirituality. The vast number of editions and surviving copies attest to this. Beyond this empirical fact, the testimonies of saints who read his works are overwhelming.
For instance, one statement attributed to Saint Teresa of Ávila claims that reading his books contributed to the conversion of at least one million (!) souls in his time.[ii] Unfortunately, I have not yet identified the exact work where the Carmelite saint made this assertion. However, I have found another equally significant reference in her Constitutions. When discussing what kinds of books should be present in Carmelite monasteries, the abbess concludes the list with the following words:
“(…) and those books written by Fray Luis de Granada and by Father Fray Pedro de Alcantara. This sustenance for the soul is in some way as necessary as is food for the body.”[iii]
In a note discussing which books by Fray Luis the saint had in mind, editors identify the same three works mentioned above: The Book of Prayer and Meditation (Salamanca, 1554), The Sinner’s Guide (Lisbon, 1556), and The Memorial of Christian Life (Lisbon, 1565).[iv]
A book by Thomas Austin Dyson, Lives of Some of the Sons of St. Dominic, cites a letter from Saint Francis de Sales in which he offers valuable advice to another bishop on how to read the writings of the Venerable Dominican:
Quote:“Have by you Lewis of Granada entire. Let him be your second breviary. Saint Charles Borromeo had no other theology to preach but Lewis of Granada, yet he preached very well; but this is not his principal use; it is that he will form your mind to the love of true devotion and all spiritual exercises necessary for you. My wish is that you begin to read him with the great Guide for Sinners, that you then pass on to the Memorial, and, in fine, that you read all he wrote. But to read him with fruit you must not run through him hastily; he must be pondered, and have his full weight, and chapter after chapter must be mused upon and applied to the soul with much thought and prayer to God. You must read him with reverence and devotion, like a book containing the most useful inspirations man can receive from on high, and thereby reform all the powers of the soul.”[v]
Thus, what the great Doctor Caritatis recommended to his fellow bishop was not mere reading, but deep meditation on the texts of Venerable Louis (Luis/Ludovic) of Granada. Aware of the immense graces God bestows through his works, Saint Francis emphasized the discipline of reflection and prayer accompanying their reading, which can bring enormous spiritual benefits. The reason for this lies in the quality of Louis de Granada’s writings: they are not only clear but also simple without being simplistic, while also possessing great stylistic beauty. Undoubtedly, however, their clarity is their greatest strength.
The First and Most Powerful Remedy Against Sin
Among the many remedies, the first with which we can begin the path of meditation is The Sinner’s Guide. Despite its impressive length, the structure of the book is simple. More than half of it is dedicated to arguments in favor of a virtuous life. This reflects the conviction shared by all the saints throughout history: the defining trait of a Christian is a virtuous life.
At the end of the 28 chapters in which he presents every imaginable argument proving the necessity of virtue, the Venerable author reveals, in chapter 29, the first remedy against sin: a firm resolution not to commit it.[vi] This, then, is where anyone who wishes to fulfill the words of the Gospel must begin:
“Be you therefore perfect, as also your heavenly Father is perfect” (Matthew 5:48).
The decision to sin no more is also the response we must give to the Blessed Virgin Mary, who asks that the baptized cease offending God. For nothing is a greater offense against our Creator than sin itself. But what is the foundation of this resolution? The Venerable author draws our attention to two fundamental principles that underlie it. The first is stated at the beginning of Chapter 29:
Quote:“Before entering upon this subject, bear in mind that there; are two principles in which you must be firmly established if you would change your life and give yourself to God. The first is a just appreciation of the importance of the labor you are about to undertake; you must be convinced that this is the sole interest, the sole profit, the sole wisdom in the world.”
Then, after a series of substantial biblical citations, he presents the second principle:
Quote:“The second principle with which you must be imbued is that as this is such a glorious and profitable engagement, you must undertake it with vigor and a firm determination to conquer. Be persuaded that all the dangers which you will encounter will be of little moment compared to the sublime end you have in view. It is a law of nature that nothing great is accomplished without labor and trouble, You will no sooner have resolved to give yourself to God than Hell will send out its forces against you.”
Do not think that passages like this are meant to discourage us. On the contrary, the author seeks only to emphasize how serious and important this work is—the work of tending the soil of our own souls. We must break up the hardened ground, uproot all the weeds, and begin cultivating the good fruits of virtue. The beginning, however—rooted in the two principles above—is singular and emphasized with unwavering firmness:
Quote:“Your first determination must be a deep and unshaken resolution never to commit mortal sin, for it can only rob us of the grace and friendship of God. Such a resolution is the basis of a virtuous life.”
A statement like this is worth memorizing. At the very least, it should be repeated daily and recalled whenever we wish to make a good confession. Thus, according to the Venerable Louis of Granada, this is the true beginning of holiness. In summary, the matter is clear:
Quote:Holiness is synonymous with repentance for past sins, penitential works, and good (i.e., meritorious) deeds—all grounded in a firm decision to sin no more.
If we understand that by doing this, we fulfill both Christ’s call to penance and conversion as well as the Blessed Virgin Mary’s urgent request to cease offending God, we must acknowledge that we have every reason not to hesitate.
Sancta Maria, Auxilium Christianorum, ora pro nobis!
The texts containing the visions and the secret can be read on the official Vatican website: https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congr...ma_en.html [Accessed: 22 February 2025].
[ii] Saint Teresa’s statement is mentioned, for example, on the EWTN website: https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library...guide-9832 [Accessed: 17 February 2025].
[iii] The Collected Works of Sr. Teresa of Avila, Volume Three, Translated by Kieran Kavanaugh, O.C.D. and Otilio Rodriquez, O.C.D., Washington D.C., ICS Publications, Institute of Carmelitane Studies, 1985, p. 321.
[iv] Op. cit., p. 445, notes 7.
[v] Saint Francis of Sales, Letter of 3rd of June, 1603, quoted in Lives of Some of the Sons of St. Dominic, by a Father of the Same Order, New York: D.& J. Sadlier & Company, 1883, pp. 280-281.
[vi] This chapter of the book can be read here: https://www.catholictradition.org/Classics/guide29.htm [Accessed: 22 February 2025]. The entire work can be found online here: https://www.catholictradition.org/Classi...-guide.htm [Accessed: 22 February 2025].[/i]
|
|
|
| Vatican says Pope Francis is still "critical" & "not out of danger." |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-23-2025, 05:44 AM - Forum: Pope Francis
- No Replies
|
 |
Pope Francis receives blood transfusions, Vatican keeping prognosis confidential
'This morning Pope Francis presented with an asthmatic respiratory crisis of prolonged magnitude, which also required the application of oxygen at high flows,' announced the Vatican, listing Francis' condition as 'critical.'
Feb 22, 2025
(LifeSiteNews) — Pope Francis, who remains in critical condition, was recently administered a blood transfusion and “high flows” of oxygen, the Vatican announced Saturday, adding that at this time his prognosis is being withheld from the public.
Per the Vatican:
Quote:The Holy Father’s condition continues to be critical, therefore, as explained yesterday, the Pope is not out of danger.
This morning Pope Francis presented with an asthmatic respiratory crisis of prolonged magnitude, which also required the application of oxygen at high flows.
Today’s blood tests also showed plateletopenia, associated with anemia, which required the administration of hemotransfusions.
The Holy Father continues to be alert and spent the day in an armchair although in more pain than yesterday. At the moment the prognosis is reserved.
Saturday’s update follows Friday’s press conference in which the doctors attending to Francis in the Gemelli stated that his condition is “fragile” and warned often that the 88-year-old is not out of danger.
The doctors did mention Friday that Francis was taking oxygen occasionally, but the Saturday update suggests that such use has become more frequent or more intense. Prior to Saturday, there had not been mention of Francis needing hemotransfusions.
Francis was taken to the Gemelli Hospital in Rome last Friday for bronchitis, and since then was diagnosed with double pneumonia in what was described as a “complex” medical scenario.
|
|
|
| St. John Damascene - On the Assumption |
|
Posted by: Stone - 02-23-2025, 05:35 AM - Forum: Doctors of the Church
- Replies (2)
|
 |
]ST JOHN DAMASCENE - THREE SERMONS ON THE ASSUMPTION
( κοίμησις)
[Taken from here]
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL GREEK BY MARY H. ALLIES
London
THOMAS BAKER
1 SOHO SQUARE, W.
1898
Imprimatur
Herbertus Cardinalis Vaughan
Archiepiscopus Westmonasteriensis
Die 12 Augusti 1898
SERMON I. ON THE ASSUMPTION
(κοίμησις).
The memory of the just takes place with rejoicing, said Solomon, the wisest of men; for precious in God’s sight is the death of His saints, according to the royal30 David. If, then, the memory of all the just is a subject of rejoicing, who will not offer praise to justice in its source, and holiness in its treasure-house? It is not mere praise; it is praising with the intention of gaining eternal glory. God’s dwelling-place does not need our praise, that city of God, concerning which great things were spoken, as holy.31 David addresses it in these words: ‘Glorious things are said of thee, thou city of God.’ What sort of city shall we choose for the invisible and uncircumscribed God, who holds all things in His hand, if not that city which alone is above nature, giving shelter without circumscription32 to the supersubstantial Word of God? Glorious things have been spoken of that city by God himself. For what is more exalted than being made the recipient of God’s counsel, which is from all eternity?
Neither human tongue nor angelic mind is able worthily to praise her through whom it is given to us to look clearly upon the Lord’s glory. What then? Shall we be silent through fear of our insufficiency? Certainly not. Shall we be trespassers beyond our own boundaries, and freely handle ineffable mysteries, putting off all restraint? By no means. Mingling, rather, fear with desire, and weaving them into one crown, with reverent hand and longing soul, let us show forth the poor first-fruits of our intelligence, in gratitude to our Queen and Mother, the benefactress of all creation, as a repayment of our debt. A story is told of some rustics who were ploughing up the soil when a king chanced to pass, in the splendour of his royal robes and crown, and surrounded by countless gift bearers, standing in a circle. As there was no gift to offer at that moment, one of them was collecting water in his hands, as there happened to be a copious stream near by. Of this he prepared a gift for the king, who addressed him in these words: ‘What is this, my boy?’ And he answered boldly: ‘I made the best of what I had, thinking it was better to show my willingness, than to offer nothing. You do not need our gifts, nor do you wish for anything from us save our good will. The need is on our side, and the reward is in the doing. I know that glory often comes to the grateful.’
The king in wonder praised the boy’s cleverness, graciously acknowledged his willingness, and made him many rich gifts in return. Now, if that proud monarch so generously rewarded good intentions, will not Our Lady (ἡ ὄντως ἀγαθὴ δέσποινα), the Mother of God, accept our good will, not judging us by what we accomplish? Our Lady is the Mother of God, who alone is good and infinite in His condescension, who preferred the two mites to many splendid gifts. She will indeed receive us, who are paying off our debt, and make us a return out of all proportion to what we offer. Since prayer is absolutely necessary for our needs, let us direct our attention to it.
What shall we say, O Queen? What words shall we use? What praise shall we pour upon thy sacred and glorified head, thou giver of good gifts and of riches, the pride of the human race, the glory of all creation, through whom it is truly blessed. He whom nature did not contain in the beginning, was born of thee. The Invisible One is contemplated face to face. O Word of God, do Thou open my slow lips, and give their utterances Thy richest blessing; inflame us with the grace of Thy Spirit, through whom fishermen became orators, and ignorant men spoke supernatural wisdom, so that our feeble voices may contribute to thy loved Mother’s praises, even though greatness should be extolled by misery. She, the chosen one of an ancient race, by a predetermined counsel and the good pleasure of God the Father, who had begotten Thee in eternity immaterially, brought Thee forth in the latter times, Thou who art propitiation and salvation, justice and redemption, life of life, light of light, and true God of true God.
The birth of her, whose Child was marvellous, was above nature and understanding, and it was salvation to the world; her death was glorious, and truly a sacred feast. The Father predestined her, the prophets foretold her through the Holy Ghost. His sanctifying power overshadowed her, cleansed33 and made her holy, and, as it were, predestined her. Then Thou, Word of the Father, not dwelling in place,34 didst invite the lowliness of our nature to be united to the immeasurable greatness of Thy inscrutable Godhead. Thou, who didst take flesh of the Blessed Virgin, vivified by a reasoning soul, having first abided in her undefiled and immaculate womb, creating Thyself, and causing her to exist in Thee, didst become perfect man, not ceasing to be perfect God, equal to Thy Father, but taking upon Thyself our weakness through ineffable goodness. Through it Thou art one Christ, one Lord, one Son of God, and man at the same time, perfect God and perfect man, wholly God and wholly man, one substance (ὑπόστασις) from two perfect natures, the Godhead and the manhood. And in two perfect natures, the divine and the human, God is not pure God, nor the man only man, but the Son of God and the Incarnate God are one and the same God and man without confusion or division, uniting in Himself substantially the attributes of both natures. Thus, He is at once uncreated and created, mortal and immortal, visible and invisible, in place and not in place. He has a divine will and a human will, a divine action and a human also, two powers of choosing (ἀυτεξούσια) divine and human. He shows forth divine wonders and human affections,—natural, I mean, and pure. Thou hast taken upon Thyself, Lord, of Thy great mercy, the state of Adam as he was before the fall, body, soul, and mind, and all that they involve physically, so as to give me a perfect salvation. It is true indeed that what was not assumed was not healed.35 Having thus become the mediator between God and man, Thou didst destroy enmity, and lead back to Thy Father those who had deserted Him, wanderers to their home, and those in darkness to the light. Thou didst bring pardon to the contrite, and didst change mortality into immortality. Thou didst deliver the world from the aberration of many gods, and didst make men the children of God, partakers of Thy divine glory. Thou didst raise the human race, which was condemned to hell, above all power and majesty, and in Thy person it is seated on the King’s eternal throne. Who was the instrument of these infinite benefits exceeding all mind and comprehension, if not the Mother ever Virgin who bore Thee?
Realise, Beloved in the Lord, the grace of to-day, and its wondrous solemnity. Its mysteries are not terrible, nor do they inspire awe. Blessed are they who have eyes to see. Blessed are they who see with spiritual eyes. This night shines as the day. What countless angels acclaim the death of the life-giving Mother! How the eloquence of apostles blesses the departure of this body which was the receptacle of God. How the Word of God, who deigned in His mercy to become her Son, ministering with His divine hands to this immaculate and divine being,36 as His mother, receives her holy soul. O wondrous Law-giver, fulfilling the law which He had Himself laid down, not being bound by it, for it was He who enjoined children to show reverence to their parents. ‘Honour thy father and thy mother,’ He says. The truth of this is apparent to every one, calling to mind even dimly the words of holy Scripture. If according to it the souls of the just are in the hands of God, how much more is her soul in the hands of her Son and her God. This is indisputable. Let us consider who she is and whence she came, how she, the greatest and dearest of all God’s gifts, was given to this world. Let us examine what her life was, and the mysteries in which she took part. Heathens in the use of funeral orations most carefully brought forward anything which could be turned to praise of the deceased, and at the same time encourage the living to virtue, drawing generally upon fable and fiction, not having fact to go upon. How then, shall we not deserve scorn if we bury in silence that which is most true and sacred, and in very deed the source of praise and salvation to all? Shall we not receive the same punishment as the man who hid his master’s talent? Let us adapt our subject to the needs of those who listen, as food is suited to the body.
Joachim and Anne were the parents of Mary. Joachim kept as strict a watch over his thoughts as a shepherd over his flock, having them entirely under his control. For the Lord God led him as a sheep, and he wanted for none of the best things. When I say best, let no one think I mean what is commonly acceptable to the multitude, that upon which greedy minds are fixed, the pleasures of life that can neither endure nor make their possessors better, nor confer real strength. They follow the downward course of human life and cease all in a moment, even if they abounded before. Far be it from us to cherish these things, nor is this the portion of those who fear God. But the good things which are a matter of desire to those who possess true knowledge, delighting God, and fruitful to their possessors, namely, virtues, bearing fruit in due season, that is, in eternity, will reward with eternal life those who have laboured worthily and have persevered in their acquisition as far as possible. The labour goes before, eternal happiness follows. Joachim ever shepherded his thoughts. In the place of pastures, dwelling by contemplation on the words of sacred Scripture, made glad on the restful waters of divine grace, withdrawn from foolishness, he walked in the path of justice. And Anne, whose name means grace, was no less a companion in her life than a wife, blessed with all good gifts, though afflicted for a mystical reason with sterility. Grace in very truth remained sterile, not being able to produce fruit in the souls of men. Therefore, men declined from good and degenerated; there was not one of understanding nor one who sought after God. Then His divine goodness, taking pity on the work of His hands, and wishing to save it, put an end to that mystical barrenness, that of holy (θεόφρονος) Anne, I mean, and she gave birth to a child, whose equal had never been created and never can be. The end of barrenness proved clearly that the world’s sterility would cease and that the withered trunk would be crowned with vigorous and mystical life.
Hence the Mother of our Lord is announced. An angel foretells her birth. It was fitting that in this, too, she, who was to be the human Mother of the one true and living God, should be marked out above every one else. Then she was offered in God’s holy temple, and remained there, showing to all a great example of zeal and holiness, withdrawn from frivolous society. When, however, she reached full age and the law required that she should leave the temple, she was entrusted by the priests to Joseph, her bridegroom, as the guardian of her virginity, a steadfast observer of the law from his youth. Mary, the holy and undefiled (πᾶνάμωμος), went to Joseph, contenting herself with her household matters, and knowing nothing beyond her four walls.
In the fulness of time, as the divine apostle says, the angel Gabriel was sent to this true child of God, and saluted her in the words, ‘Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.’ Beautiful is the angel’s salutation to her who is greater than an angel. He is the bearer of joy to the whole world. She was troubled at his words, not being used to speak with men, for she had resolved to keep her virginity unsullied. She pondered in herself what this greeting might be. Then the angel said to her: ‘Fear not, Mary. Thou hast found grace before God.’ In very deed, she who was worthy of grace had found it. She found grace who had done the deeds of grace, and had reaped its fulness. She found grace who brought forth the source of grace, and was a rich harvest of grace. She found an abyss of grace who kept undefiled her double virginity, her virginal soul no less spotless than her body; hence her perfect virginity. ‘Thou shalt bring forth a Son,’ he said, ‘and shalt call His name Jesus’ (Jesus is interpreted Saviour). ‘He shall save His people from their sins.’ What did she, who is true wisdom, reply? She does not imitate our first mother Eve, but rather improves upon her incautiousness, and calling in nature to support her, thus answers the angel: ‘How is this to be, since I know not man? What you say is impossible, for it goes beyond the natural laws laid down by the Creator. I will not be called a second Eve and disobey the will of my God. If you are not speaking godless things, explain the mystery by saying how it is to be accomplished.’ Then the messenger of truth answered her: ‘The Holy Spirit shall come to thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee. Therefore He who is born to thee shall be called the Son of God.’ That which is foretold is not subservient to the laws of nature. For God, the Creator of nature, can alter its laws. And she, listening in holy reverence to that sacred name, which she had ever desired, signified her obedience in words full of humility and joy: ‘Behold the handmaid of the Lord. Be it done unto me according to thy word.’
‘O the depth of the riches, of the wisdom, and of the knowledge of God,’ I will exclaim in the apostle’s words. ‘How incomprehensible are His judgments, and how unsearchable His ways.’ O inexhaustible goodness of God! O boundless goodness! He who called what was not into being, and filled heaven and earth, whose throne is heaven, and whose footstool is the earth, a spacious dwelling-place, made the womb of His own servant, and in it the mystery of mysteries is accomplished (το πάντων καινῶν καινότερον άποτελεῖ μυστήριον). Being God He becomes man, and is marvellously brought forth without detriment to the virginity of His Mother. And He is lifted up as a baby in earthly arms, who is the brightness of eternal glory, the form of the Father’s substance, by the word of whose mouth all created things exist. O truly divine wonder! O mystery transcending all nature and understanding! O marvellous virginity! What, O holy Mother and Virgin, is this great mystery accomplished in thee? Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. Thou art blessed from generation to generation, thou who alone art worthy of being blessed. Behold all generations shall call thee blessed as thou hast said. The daughters of Jerusalem, I mean, of the Church, saw thee. Queens have blessed thee, that is, the spirits of the just, and they shall praise thee for ever. Thou art the royal throne which angels surround, seeing upon it their very King and Lord. Thou art a spiritual Eden, holier and diviner than Eden of old. That Eden was the abode of the mortal Adam, whilst the Lord came from heaven to dwell in thee. The ark foreshadowed thee who hast kept the seed of the new world. Thou didst bring forth Christ, the salvation of the world, who destroyed sin and its angry waves. The burning bush was a figure of thee, and the tablets of the law, and the ark of the testament. The golden urn and candelabra, the table and the flowering rod of Aaron were significant types of thee. From thee arose the splendour of the Godhead, the eternal Word of the Father, the most sweet and heavenly Manna, the sacred Name above every name, the Light which was from the beginning. The heavenly Bread of Life, the Fruit without seed, took flesh of thee. Did not that flame foreshadow thee with its burning fire an image of the divine fire within thee? And Abraham’s tent most clearly pointed to thee. By the Word of God dwelling in thee human nature produced the bread made of ashes, its first fruits, from thy most pure womb, the first fruits kneaded into bread and cooked by divine fire, becoming His divine person, and His true substance of a living body quickened by a reasoning and intelligent soul.37 I had nearly forgotten Jacob’s ladder. Is it not evident to every one that it prefigured thee, and is not the type easily recognised? Just as Jacob saw the ladder bringing together heaven and earth, and on it angels coming down and going up, and the truly strong and invulnerable God wrestling mystically with himself, so art thou placed between us, and art become the ladder of God’s intercourse with us, of Him who took upon Himself our weakness, uniting us to Himself, and enabling man to see God. Thou hast brought together what was parted. Hence angels descended to Him, ministering to Him as their God and Lord, and men, adopting the life of angels, are carried up to heaven.
How shall I understand the prediction of prophets? Shall I not refer them to thee, as we can prove them to be true? What is the fleece of David which receives the Son of the Almighty God, co-eternal and co-equal with His Father, as rain falls upon the soil? Does it not signify thee in thy bright shining? Who is the virgin foretold by Isaias who should conceive and bear a Son, God ever present with us, that is, who being born a man should remain God? What is Daniel’s mountain from which arose Christ, the Corner-Stone, not made by the hand of man? Is it not thee, conceiving without man and still remaining a virgin? Let the inspired Ezechiel come forth and show us the closed gate, sealed by the Lord, and not yielding, according to his prophecy—let him point to its fulfilment in thee. The Lord of all came to thee, and taking flesh did not open the door of thy virginity. The seal remains intact. The prophets, then, foretell thee. Angels and apostles minister to thee, O Mother of God, ever Virgin, and John the virgin apostle. Angels and the spirits of the just, patriarchs and prophets surround thee to-day in thy departure to thy Son. Apostles watched over the countless host of the just who were gathered together from every corner of the earth by the divine commands, as a cloud around the divine and living Jerusalem, singing hymns of praise to thee, the author of our Lord’s life-giving body.
O how does the source of life pass through death to life? O how can she obey the law of nature, who, in conceiving, surpasses the boundaries of nature? How is her spotless body made subject to death? In order to be clothed with immortality she must first put off mortality, since the Lord of nature did not reject the penalty of death. She dies according to the flesh, destroys death by death, and through corruption gains incorruption (φθορᾷ τὴν ἀφθαρσιαν χαρίζεται), and makes her death the source of resurrection. O how does Almighty God receive with His own hands the holy disembodied soul of our Lord’s Mother! He honours her truly, whom being His servant by nature, He made His Mother, in His inscrutable abyss of mercy, when He became incarnate in very truth. We may well believe that the angelic choirs waited to receive thy departing soul. O what a blessed departure this going to God of thine. If God vouchsafes it to all His servants—and we know that He does—what an immense difference there is between His servants and His Mother. What, then, shall we call this mystery of thine? Death? Thy blessed soul is naturally parted from thy blissful and undefiled body, and the body is delivered to the grave, yet it does not endure in death, nor is it the prey of corruption. The body of her, whose virginity remained unspotted in child-birth, was preserved in its incorruption, and was taken to a better, diviner place, where death is not, but eternal life. Just as the glorious sun may be hidden momentarily by the opaque moon, it shows still though covered, and its rays illumine the darkness since light belongs to its essence. It has in itself a perpetual source of light, or rather it is the source of light as God created it. So art thou the perennial source of true light, the treasury of life itself, the richness of grace, the cause and medium of all our goods. And if for a time thou art hidden by the death of the body, without speaking, thou art our light, life-giving ambrosia, true happiness, a sea of grace, a fountain of healing and of perpetual blessing. Thou art as a fruitful tree in the forest, and thy fruit is sweet in the mouth of the faithful. Therefore I will not call thy sacred transformation death, but rest or going home, and it is more truly a going home. Putting off corporeal things, thou dwellest in a happier state.
Angels with archangels bear thee up. Impure spirits trembled at thy departure. The air raises a hymn of praise at thy passage, and the atmosphere is purified. Heaven receives thy soul with joy. The heavenly powers greet thee with sacred canticles and with joyous praise, saying: ‘Who is this most pure creature ascending, shining as the dawn, beautiful as the moon, conspicuous as the sun? How sweet and lovely thou art, the lily of the field, the rose among thorns; therefore the young maidens loved thee. We are drawn after the odour of thy ointments. The King introduced thee into His chamber. There Powers protect thee, Principalities praise thee, Thrones proclaim thee, Cherubim are hushed in joy, and Seraphim magnify the true Mother by nature and by grace of their very Lord. Thou wert not taken into heaven as Elias was, nor didst thou penetrate to the third heaven with Paul, but thou didst reach the royal throne itself of thy Son, seeing it with thy own eyes, standing by it in joy and unspeakable familiarity. O gladness of angels and of all heavenly powers, sweetness of patriarchs and of the just, perpetual exultation of prophets, rejoicing the world and sanctifying all things, refreshment of the weary, comfort of the sorrowful, remission of sins, health of the sick, harbour of the storm-tossed, lasting strength of mourners, and perpetual succour of all who invoke thee.’
O wonder surpassing nature and creating wonder! Death, which of old was feared and hated, is a matter of praise and blessing. Of old it was the harbinger of grief, dejection, tears, and sadness, and now it is shown forth as the cause of joy and rejoicing. In the case of all God’s servants, whose death is extolled, His good pleasure is surmised from their holy end, and therefore their death is blessed. It shows them to be perfect, blessed and immoveable in goodness, as the proverb says: ‘Praise no man before his death.’ This, however, we do not apply to thee. Thy blessedness was not death, nor was dying thy perfection, nor, again, did thy departure hence help thee to security. Thou art the beginning, middle, and end of all goods transcending mind, for thy Son in His conception and divine dwelling in thee is made our sure and true security. Thus thy words were true: from the moment of His conception, not from thy death, thou didst say all generations should call thee blessed. It was thou who didst break the force of death, paying its penalty, and making it gracious. Hence, when thy holy and sinless body was taken to the tomb, the choirs of angels bore it, and were all around, leaving nothing undone for the honour of our Lord’s Mother, whilst apostles and all the assembly of the Church burst into prophetic song, saying: ‘We shall be filled with the good things of Thy house, holy is Thy temple, wonderful in justice.’ And again: ‘The Most High has sanctified His tabernacle. The mountain of God is a fertile mountain, the mountain in which it pleased God to dwell.’ The apostolic band lifting the true ark of the Lord God on their shoulders, as the priests of old the typical ark, and placing thy body in the tomb, made it, as if another Jordan, the way to the true land of the gospel, the heavenly Jerusalem, the mother of all the faithful, God being its Lord and architect. Thy soul did not descend to Limbo, neither did thy flesh see corruption. Thy pure and spotless body was not left in the earth, but the abode of the Queen, of God’s true Mother, was fixed in the heavenly kingdom alone.
O how did heaven receive her who is greater than heaven? How did she, who had received God, descend into the grave? This truly happened, and she was held by the tomb. It was not after bodily wise that she surpassed heaven. For how can a body measuring three cubits, and continually losing flesh, be compared with the dimensions of heaven? It was rather by grace that she surpassed all height and depth, for that which is divine is incomparable. O sacred and wonderful, holy and worshipful body, ministered to now by angels, standing by in lowly reverence. Demons tremble: men approach with faith, honouring and worshipping her, greeting her with eyes and lips, and drawing down upon themselves abundant blessings. Just as a rich scent sprinkled upon clothes or places, leaves its fragrance even after it has been withdrawn, so now that holy, undefiled, and divine body, filled with heavenly fragrance, the rich source of grace, is laid in the tomb that it may be translated to a higher and better place. Nor did she leave the grave empty; her body imparted to it a divine fragrance, a source of healing, and of all good for those who approach it with faith.
We, too, approach thee to-day, O Queen; and again, I say, O Queen, O Virgin Mother of God, staying our souls with our trust in thee, as with a strong anchor. Lifting up mind, soul and body, and all ourselves to thee, rejoicing in psalms and hymns and spiritual canticles, we reach through thee One who is beyond our reach on account of His Majesty. If, as the divine Word made flesh taught us, honour shown to servants is honour shown to our common Lord, how can honour shown to thee, His Mother, be slighted? How is it not most desirable? Art thou not honoured as the very breath of life? Thus shall we best show our service to our Lord Himself. What do I say to our Lord? It is sufficient that those who think of Thee should recall the memory of Thy most precious gift as the cause of our lasting joy. How it fills us with gladness! How the mind that dwells on this holy treasury of Thy grace enriches itself.
This is our thank-offering to thee, the first fruits of our discourses, the best homage of my poor mind, whilst I am moved by desire of thee, and full of my own misery. But do thou graciously receive my desire, knowing that it exceeds my power. Watch over us, O Queen, the dwelling-place of our Lord. Lead and govern all our ways as thou wilt. Save us from our sins. Lead us into the calm harbour of the divine will. Make us worthy of future happiness through the sweet and face-to-face vision of the Word made flesh through thee. With Him, glory, praise, power, and majesty be to the Father and to the holy and life-giving Spirit, now and for ever. Amen.
|
|
|
|